/* 

  Rosalind problem Complementing a Strand of DNA Picat.

  https://rosalind.info/problems/revc/
  """
  In DNA strings, symbols 'A' and 'T' are complements of each other, as are 'C' and 'G'.

  The reverse complement of a DNA string s is the string sc formed by reversing the 
  symbols of s, then taking the complement of each symbol (e.g., the reverse 
  complement of "GTCA" is "TGAC").

  Given: A DNA string s of length at most 1000 bp.

  Return: The reverse complement sc of s.

  Sample Dataset
    AAAACCCGGT
  Sample Output
    ACCGGGTTTT
  """

  This model was created by Hakan Kjellerstrand, hakank@gmail.com
  See also my Picat page: http://www.hakank.org/picat/

*/

import util.
import v3_utils.
import rosalind_utils.

main => go.

go ?=>
  DNA = "AAAACCCGGT",
  Expected = "ACCGGGTTTT",
  println('dna  '=DNA),
  println(expected=Expected),

  println(revc1),
  revc1(DNA,Revc1),
  println(revc1=Revc1),
  if Revc1 == Expected then
    println(ok1)
  else
    println(not_ok1)
  end,
  nl,
  
  println(revc2),
  revc2(DNA,Revc2),
  println(revc2=Revc2),
  if Revc2 == Expected then
    println(ok2)
  else
    println(not_ok2)
  end,
  
  println(revc3),
  Revc3 = revc3(DNA),
  println(revc3=Revc3),
  if Revc3 == Expected then
    println(ok3)
  else
    println(not_ok3)
  end,
  
  println(revc4),
  Revc4 = revc4(DNA),
  println(revc4=Revc4),
  if Revc4 == Expected then
    println(ok4)
  else
    println(not_ok4)
  end,
  
  println(revc5),
  Revc5 = revc5(DNA),
  println(revc5=Revc5),
  if Revc5 == Expected then
    println(ok5)
  else
    println(not_ok5)
  end,
  
  nl.
go => true.

/*

  - revc1: 0.037s
  - revc2: 0.024s <--
  - revc3: 0.033s
  - revc4: 0.289s
  - revc5: 0.135s
*/
go2 ?=>
  garbage_collect(300_000),
  _ = random2(),
  
  println(gen_dna),
  Len = 1_000_000,
  DNA = new_list(Len),
  time(dna_gen1(DNA,"",[])),
  % println(DNA),

  println(revc1),
  time(revc1(DNA,_Revc1)),

  println(revc2),
  time(revc2(DNA,_Revc2)),

  println(revc3),
  time(_Revc3 = revc3(DNA)),

  println(revc4),
  time(_Revc4 = revc4(DNA)),

  println(revc5),
  time(_Revc5 = revc5(DNA)),

  % go2,

  nl.
go2 => true.

% The Challenge
go3 ?=>
  DNA = "GATCGTAGTAATGTGCGTTCTTATTTGGACTTCCGTCTAACTAACACAGTGCCTCAACTAATGGAAACGTCCTGCTCATTATCACGACCTACGTCCGCCCGCCGCCAGCTTTAGACGCATAGACTCTTGGATGCCTACGGTCTGTCTCGGTACCAAGAATCACGCCATACGATCCACAGCGAGAGATCCAAAGGGTTGGGCCCGTATTGGGAATACGGTGGTAGAAGATTAAGCAGTGACTTCTTACATATTCCATGCTCCCATTGAGCTTTGACACTTGGACACAATCTCGGTTACTACCAGCGACTGTCCCTGTTACCCCCCGGCTTTATGTCCTGACACTGGACCGTATTATTCAGCTACTCGCGGTACTTTCGCATTTGCTTGGCAGAACCCTGTAACTCTACATACAGAAGGTCCCAGAGATTAATAAAACGCGAAATGAGTCAACAGAAGTACGTTGTCGGTTGGTCGTACGTCGTTTAGGGGCGATAATAGGACGTCGACACATTGTCGTGGGCGATAATGTAATGACTAAACACGGATTGCATAGACCCAGGGTTTGTCTACATTACCATCTAAATGTCTCTATTGTTGCAAAGTGGGAGCCGAATACCACAGTCGACCCCTCACGTGTCTTAGTGTGTTGTCTCCGATCTGGCGAACAAAAGTAGACAAGGCCAGGGGCCCCCTCCGGACAGAGTTACAGTAGAACGCTCTTAGCAGAATAAAGTCCACATGAGGAACGCCAGAAAGACGGTACACGATGCGGCCTGTAAATGGAAGATATACATCTTGCGTTACTAAGGATTTCTTCA",
  revc1(DNA,RNA),
  println(RNA),
  
  nl.
go3 => true.

conv('A','T').
conv('T','A').
conv('C','G').
conv('G','C').

% Fast. Reverses directly.
revc1(Cs,L) :-
  revc1(Cs,[],L).
revc1([],L,L).
% Reverse directly
revc1([C|Cs],L0,L) :-
  conv(C,R),
  revc1(Cs,[R|L0],L).

% Reverses directly.
% Very slow w/o the cut. Slow with cut
revc2(Cs,L) :-
  revc2(Cs,[],L).
revc2([],L,L).
revc2(['A'|Cs],L0,L) :- !,
  revc2(Cs,['T'|L0],L).
revc2(['T'|Cs],L0,L) :- !,
  revc2(Cs,['A'|L0],L).
revc2(['C'|Cs],L0,L) :- !,
  revc2(Cs,['G'|L0],L).
revc2(['G'|Cs],L0,L) :- !,
 revc2(Cs,['C'|L0],L).

% Foreach loop, not fast
revc3(Cs) = Revc =>
  Revc1 = [],
  foreach(C in Cs)
    conv(C,R),
    Revc1 := [R|Revc1]
  end,
  Revc = Revc1.

% Way too slow!
revc4(Cs) = reverse(Rs) =>
  revc4(Rs,Cs,[]).
% This does not reverse the string.
revc4([R|Rs]) --> [C], {conv(C,R)}, revc4(Rs).
revc4([]) --> [].

%
% Using replace_many/4
%
revc5(Cs) = reverse(Rs) =>
  once(replace_many(Cs,"ACGT","TGCA",Rs)).


%
% replace_many(String,FromChars,ToChars,Result)
%
replace_many(String,FromChars,ToChars,Result) :-
  replace_many(String,FromChars,ToChars,[],Result).
replace_many([],_FromChars,_ToChars,Result,Result).
replace_many([C|Cs],FromChars,ToChars,Result0,[R|Result]) :-
  nth(Ix,FromChars,C), !,
  nth(Ix,ToChars,R),
  replace_many(Cs,FromChars,ToChars,Result0,Result).
replace_many([C|Cs],FromChars,ToChars,Result0,[C|Result]) :-
  replace_many(Cs,FromChars,ToChars,Result0,Result).